DEPTH STUDY 1: Investigating the ancient past Topic 1Investigating the ancient past OVERVIEW: The Ancient World OV1Overview 1: The Ancient World DEPTH STUDY 2: The Mediterranean World Topic 2aAncient Egypt Topic 2bAncient Greece (online only) Topic 2cAncient Rome DEPTH STUDY 3: The Asian World Topic 3aAncient India (online only) Topic 3bEarly Imperial China OVERVIEW: The Ancient to the Modern World OV2Overview 2: The Ancient to the Modern World DEPTH STUDY 4: The Western and Islamic World Topic 4aThe Vikings Topic 4bMedieval Europe Topic 4cThe Ottoman Empire Topic 4dRenaissance Italy (online only) DEPTH STUDY 5: The Asia-Pacific World Topic 5aThe Angkor/Khmer Empire (online only) Topic 5bJapan under the Shoguns Topic 5cThe Polynesian expansion across the Pacific DEPTH STUDY 6: Expanding Contacts Topic 6aMongol Expansion (online only) Topic 6bThe Black Death in Asia, Europe and Africa (14th-century plague) Topic 6cThe Spanish Conquest of the Americas (c. AD 1492 ? c. 1572) Topic 6dAboriginal and Indigenous Peoples, Colonisation and Contact History About Retroactive viii About the authors xi About eBookPLUS xii Inside your Retroactive eBookPLUS xiii Acknowledgements xiv DEPTH STUDY 1 INVESTIGATING THE ANCIENT PAST 2 1:1 History and archaeology 4 1:2 Other experts and methods 8 1:3 Investigating human remains 10 1:4 Sources: the historian?s clues 14 1:5 Analysis and use of sources 16 1:6 Sources for ancient Australia 20 1:7 Key historical concepts 24 1:8 Historical time 28 1:9 Conserving the past 30 1:10 Saving Abu Simbel?s temples 34 Practise your historical skills 36 ProjectsPLUS 38 OVERVIEW 1 THE ANCIENT WORLD 40 OV1:1 From Africa to the world 42 OV1:2 Evidence of emerging societies 44 OV1:3 Ancient societies and civilisations 54 DEPTH STUDY 2 THE MEDITERRANEAN WORLD 64 TOPIC 2a Ancient Egypt 66 2a:1 Chronology 68 2a:2 Physical features 70 2a:3 The pharaoh and the law 74 2a:4 Society and everyday life 76 2a:5 Working life 80 2a:6 Religion 84 2a:7 Funerary customs 88 2a:8 Site study: Giza 92 2a:9 Rameses II 94 2a:10 Contact, trade and warfare 96 2a:11 Ancient Egypt?s legacy 100 Practise your historical skills 102 ProjectsPLUS 104 TOPIC 2b Ancient Greece 2b:1 Chronology 2b:2 Geographical setting 2b:3 Politics and society 2b:4 Everyday life 2b:5 Greeks at war 2b:6 The Greek legacy 2b:7 Greek religion 2b:8 The Olympic Games 2b:9 Two famous Greeks Practise your historical skills ProjectsPLUS ONLINE ONLY TOPIC 2c Ancient Rome 106 2c:1 Chronology 108 2c:2 Geographical setting 110 2c:3 The Republic 112 2c:4 The Roman Empire 114 2c:5 Everyday life 118 2c:6 Contacts and confilicts 122 2c:7 Religious practices and festivities 126 2c:8 Julius Caesar 130 2c:9 The Roman legacy 134 Practise your historical skills 138 ProjectsPLUS 140 DEPTH STUDY 3 THE ASIAN WORLD 142 TOPIC 3a Ancient India 3a:1 Chronology 3a:2 Geographical setting 3a:3 Indus Valley civilisation 3a:4 Aryan invasions 3a:5 Beliefs and philosophies 3a:6 Ashoka 3a:7 The spread of Indian influence 3a:8 The Gupta Empire 3a:9 Daily life in ancient India 3a:10 Art, architecture and literature 3a:11 Technology and science 3a:12 Ancient India?s impact on the world Practise your historical skills ProjectsPLUS ONLINE ONLY TOPIC 3b Early Imperial China 144 3b:1 Chronology 146 3b:2 Physical features 150 3b:3 Qin Shi Huangdi?s government 152 3b:4 Society, status and roles 154 3b:5 Beliefs, values and practices 156 3b:6 Farming life 158 3b:7 Everyday life 160 3b:8 Site study: the mausoleum of Qin Shi Huangdi 164 3b:9 Contact, trade and warfare 168 3b:10 Early China?s legacy 170 Practise your historical skills 172 ProjectsPLUS 174 OVERVIEW 2 THE ANCIENT TO THE MODERN WORLD 176 OV2:1 Transformation of the Roman world 178 OV2:2 The medieval world 182 OV2:3 The emergence of new ideas about the world 194 DEPTH STUDY 4 THE WESTERN AND ISLAMIC WORLD 198 TOPIC 4a The Vikings 200 4a:1 The Viking world 202 4a:2 Daily life 206 4a:3 Norse gods 210 4a:4 Travel and trade 212 4a:5 War, warriors and weaponry 214 4a:6 The Danelaw 218 4a:7 Erik the Red 220 4a:8 1066: The Norman invasion 224 4a:9 Viking infi uence today 228 Practise your historical skills 232 ProjectsPLUS 234 TOPIC 4b Medieval Europe 236 4b:1 Time and place 238 4b:2 Feudal society 240 4b:3 Everyday life 242 4b:4 The Catholic Church 246 4b:5 Cathedral building 248 4b:6 Music and decoration 250 4b:7 Islam and the West 252 4b:8 Crime and punishment 256 4b:9 Military and defence systems 260 4b:10 Towns, cities and commerce 264 4b:11 Signifl cant individuals 268 4b:12 Medieval Europe?s infi uence 270 Practise your historical skills 272 ProjectsPLUS 274 TOPIC 4c The Ottoman empire 276 4c:1 Ottoman origins 278 4c:2 Early expansion 280 4c:3 Moving into Europe 282 4c:4 Suleiman the Magnifl cent 284 4c:5 Everyday life 288 4c:6 Art and architecture 292 4c:7 Literature and science 294 Practise your historical skills 296 TOPIC 4d Renaissance Italy 4d:1 Renaissance Italy 4d:2 Work and wealth 4d:3 Florence: rulers and ruled 4d:4 The Medici 4d:5 Humanist thinking 4d:6 Art and architecture 4d:7 Leonardo da Vinci 4d:8 Spread and legacy 4d:9 A scientifl c legacy 4d:10 A religious legacy Practise your historical skills ProjectsPLUS ONLINE ONLY DEPTH STUDY 5 THE ASIA?PACIFIC WORLD 298 TOPIC 5a The Angkor/Khmer empire 5a:1 The rise of the Khmer empire 5a:2 Roles and relationships 5a:3 Everyday life 5a:4 Khmer civilisation 5a:5 Angkor?s temples 5a:6 The decline of Angkor Practise your historical skills ProjectsPLUS ONLINE ONLY TOPIC 5b Japan under the shoguns 300 5b:1 The land and its people 302 5b:2 Early medieval Japan 304 5b:3 The rule of the shoguns 306 5b:4 Japanese religions: Shinto and Buddhism 308 5b:5 The Tokugawa shogunate 310 5b:6 Castles and forests 314 5b:7 Isolation and threats 316 5b:8 Modernisation 318 5b:9 A rich legacy in arts and crafts 320 Practise your historical skills 322 TOPIC 5c The Polynesian expansion across the Pacific 324 5c:1 The Pacifi c 326 5c:2 The Polynesian settlement of the Pacifi c 328 5c:3 The Polynesian people and their land 332 5c:4 Life and death on Easter Island 336 5c:5 Life in the land of the long white cloud 338 5c:6 Maoritanga ? the Maori way 342 5c:7 Polynesian power and politics 344 5c:8 Maori culture and art 348 Practise your historical skills 352 DEPTH STUDY 6 EXPANDING CONTACTS 354 TOPIC 6a Mongol expansion 6a:1 The Mongol people and their land 6a:2 The rise of Temujin 6a:3 The Mongol army of conquest 6a:4 The law of the Mongol lands 6a:5 Song dynasty China before Mongol conquest 6a:6 Mongol rule: the Yuan dynasty 6a:7 Culture and belief at the khan?s court 6a:8 The travels of Marco Polo 6a:9 The defeat of the Mongol empire 6a:10 Mongolia?s grave history 6a:11 The Mongol legacy Practise your historical skills ProjectsPLUS ONLINE ONLY TOPIC 6b The Black Death in Asia, Europe and Africa (14th-century plague) 356 6b:1 Before the Black Death 358 6b:2 Medical knowledge and treatments 362 6b:3 What was the Black Death? 366 6b:4 The spread of the Black Death 370 6b:5 The Black Death: impact 372 6b:6 Responses to the Black Death 376 6b:7 Asia and Africa 378 6b:8 Effects of the Black Death 382 Practise your historical skills 384 TOPIC 6c The Spanish conquest of the Americas 386 6c:1 Ancient civilisations of the Americas 388 6c:2 The pre-Columbian world 390 6c:3 Building Aztec belief 394 6c:4 The Spanish journey to the Americas 396 6c:5 The quest for gold and glory 398 6c:6 Conquest of the Aztec empire 400 6c:7 La Malinche: mother of Mexico? 402 6c:8 Colonial control 404 6c:9 Disease and defeat 406 6c:10 The New World 408 Practise your historical skills 410 ProjectsPLUS 412 TOPIC 6d Aboriginal and indigenous peoples, colonisation and contact history 414 6d:1 Colonisation and contact 416 6d:2 Life before the Europeans 418 6d:3 Dispute and dispossession 422 6d:4 America?s Trail of Tears 424 6d:5 Australia?s fi rst contact 428 6d:6 Aboriginal land, Dreaming and law 430 6d:7 Battling to survive 432 6d:8 ?Protected? lives 434 6d:9 The colonial legacy 438 Practise your historical skills 440 ProjectsPLUS 442 Index 444 Glossary